Window



Oct. 19, 1943. T. J. COLLERAN WINDOW Fild March 20, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. a f/ro/rmr J floflera/r Patented Gets 19, 1943 WINDOW Thomas J. Colleran, Great Net-an. Y., assignor to Hunter Sash Company, Inc., Flushing, NJL, a corporation of New York 1 I x Application March 20, 1942, Serial No. 435,439 Claims.- (01. 189-64) This invention relates to a double sash window and is shown and described as embodied in a \metal frame window wherein the glass or other transparent panels or sheets are held in-place with. a resilient strip of material. Both single .and double sash windows of this general type have come into wide use of late years in trains.

. wall of an airplane is shown atli (Fig. 3). The

buses, and airplanes. This invention is particularly applicable to windows and Windshields of high altitude airplanes.

It isan object of this invention to produce a window having a double sash and having the outer surface of the outer glass substantially flush with the outer surface of the. frame of the window, which in turn can be mounted so that it will be in substantially the same plane as the outer surface of the vehicle or airplane so as to reduce skin friction'at high spee Another object of the invention is to produce a window of this type wherein the space between the two sheets of glass is liquid-tight so that liquid maybe retained in this space or pumped designate that side'ol. the winclow 0r sash which is intended to face the outside of the vehicle, airplane or other structure into which the window is-built, and inner is used to designate that side which is designed to face inwardly. The outer sheet of transparent material is shown at 2 and the inner sheet at 3. The skin or outside frame I of the window is designed to be secured to said outside wall by means of rivets 6.

The outer wall of the. frame I is shown at B, and a peripheral wall at 9. The latter is at right angles to the outer wall, as shown in Fig. 3, and

' extends inwardly therefrom. A partition wall through this space, as desired. It has been found 1 that the ordinary double sash window, wherein the-space between the two sheets of glass is sealed to prevent the entrance of dust or dirt or moisture, is not suitable for airplanes operating at high altitudes, because the decrease in pressure on the exterior of the glass is apt to cause the two sheets of glass-to burst apart. The present invention provides a window or windshield where in the space between the two sheets of glass may be filled with a liquid to obviate this diiiiculty.

It is also an object of the invention to produce a window of the type. described, which is provided with means for permitting the circulation of heated fluid betweer the inner surfaces of the two sheets of glass. Such construction and mode of operation are advantageous in combating the formation of ice on Windshields and windows.

The novel features of this invention will be best understood from the following description and the annexed drawings, in which is shown a selected embodiment of the invention and in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the device;

Fig. 2 is a section through 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section through 3-4 of Fig. 1

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view, partly in section and partly cut away to show interior construction details;

Fig. 5 is a section through 5-5 of Fig. 1.

Looking at the'drawings, i is a frame forming an opening in which are placed two sheets of transparent material, such as glass. In this specification, the word outer will be used .to

in also extends inwardly from the outer wall 8' and is spaced from the wall 9 in a direction toward the center of the opening formed by the frame I. A sheet supporting shelf II also pro- Jects inwardly from the outer wall 8 substantially at right angles theretoand at the opposite side of the partition wall I 9 from the peripheral wall 9. The peripheral wall 9 has an inner wall I! at the inner end thereof formed byturning the end of the peripheral wall 9 at right angles so that said end forming the inner wall I2 is substantially parallel to the outer wall 8. An inner wall I3 on partition wall l0 extends parallel to the outer wall 8 in a direction toward the center of the opening formed by the frame I and is of such length that the edge I! thereof is substantially in the same plane as the shelf II. The end of the partition wall l0 forms a supporting shell. I 6. The edge of the shelf I6 is spaced from the edge I l of inner wall l2, but they both lie in substantially the same plane.

- Shelves II and it are designed to support or aid in supporting the transparent sheets 2 and 3. Sheet 2 is positionedv adjacent to the beveled edges 20 of the outer wall 8 and the shelf II, with sumcient clearance between the edges of the sheet 2 and the shelf ii to permit the insertion of a backing strip of cork, rubber, or the like, such as that shown at 21. A very thin strip of similar material may be inserted between the edge 20 and the sheet 2, as shown at 22. The sheet 2 is held-in place by means of the resilient strip 25, which is designed to engage between the edge of the shelf ll and the edge M of the inner wall l3 to seal the space therehetween and at the same is more fully described and claimed in the-patent I to Lyt l Gale Hunter, No. 1,891,932.

- base of the inner wall I3.

, Transparent sheet 3 is supported on shelf l3 and sufllcient clearanceis provided between the sheet and the shelf to permitthe insertion of a backing strip 21 and providefor expansion and contraction of the sheet without binding. Resilient strip 30 is designed to engage between the edge ll of the inner wall l2 and the edge of the shelf l6 to seal the space therebetween and at the same time to sealingly engage the inner surface of the sheet 3 near the periphery thereof to urgesaid sheet outwardly or in the direction of the sheet 2 up against spacing strips 3| which are arranged along the inner wall I3 to space the outer surface of the sheet 3 from said inner wall. The partition wall I3 is equipped with a plurality of slots 33 cut through this wall adjacent to the Spacing strips 3| are of such length as to occupy the space between the slots 33, but at the same time leave the space above said slots free so as to permit communication between the channel 35 formed between the peripheral wall 3 and the partition wall i and the space 38 between the sheets 2 and 3.

Partitions 40 and 4| (Fig. l) are inserted in the channel 35 midway between the top and bottom edges of the framework. Partition 40 is shown in detail in Fig. 5. A hole, shown at 42, is drilled through the partition 43 anda similar hole through the partition 4| for a purpose which will be described hereinafter. Attached to frame I are ipes 45 and 45 designed to communicate with the channel 35. Pipe 45 is shown attached to the lower portion of the framework, and pipe 43 to the upper portion thereof.

If it is desired to circulate heated fluid between the sheets 2 and 3 to prevent the formation of ice -orforanyother purpose, a suitable'pump' P and heater H may be connected to the pipes 45 and 43 to make a closed circuit therewith. The pump and heater may be of any standard design and form no part oi' this invention, so will not be described in detail except to say that they possess sumcient capacity to heat the liquid passing through the circuit shown in Fig. 1 and to circu-,

late the liquid therethrough at the desired rate The pipe designed to connect the pump P and heater H to the pipes 45 and 43 is shown at 43. The-liquid forced through pipe 45 moves into channel 35, which acts as a header to distributev said liquid to the various slots 33 through the partition wall It (see arrowsin Fig. 3). The slots 33, are positioned so that no one of them is immediately above the pipe 45 and'preferably' so that they increase in area from those immediately adjacent to the pipe 45 to those adjacent to the partitions 43 and 4!. The pressure and activity of the liquid is greatest near the pipe 45 and least near the partitions 40 and 4|- Therefore it is desirable to have the slots 33 of smaller area near the pipe 45, and of larger area further therefrom so that there will be a more or less even distribution of liquid across the closed space between the sheets 2 and 3. Holes 42 through partitions 43 are designed to permit a certain amount of the liquid to flow through the channel 35 from the lower to the upper part of the frame to keep the framework l at a substantially even temperature throughout its entire periphery. The pipe 45 is connected to the suction side of the pump P by means of pipe 48, as shown in Fig. l, and the liquid supplied through pipe 45 is drawn off from the top part of channel 35. through the pipe 48. Blots 33 permit communication between the channel 36 and the space between the sheets 2 and 3 on the upper side of the framework, as viewed in Fig. 1, just as they do on the lower side, and th areas of the slots are arranged so that the slots of smaller area are adjacent to the pipe 46 and the slots of larger area adjacent to the partitions "and 4 i An examination of Fig. 3 33 between the sheets 2 and 3 is sealed so as to permit the use of liquid therein. Such liquid may not work past the sealing strip 25 where it en-v gages the surface of the sheet 2, nor past where this strip engages the edge I4 of the inner wall i3. In a similar manner, the strip 30 seals the sash 3 and the space between the edge of the shelf l6 and edge [1 of inner wall I2, thus forming a pair of liquid-tight communicating compartments, that is, the space 38 between the sheets 2 and 3 and the channel 35 which goes around the periphery of the frame -I.

A liquid suitable for. heating and circulation between the sheets of glass where the window or windshield is used under conditions where ice might form, should for the most efficient operation have a low freezing point and high .boiling point, freedom from hazard of explosion, toxicity, and objectionable odor, high heat transfer, waterwhite clarity, low viscosity, suitable index of refraction, and be non-corrosive to aluminum, rubber, glass, and possibly non-solvent for cellulose acetate, vinyl type resins. Suitable liquids may be selected from the class of organic solvents known as the glyools-ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol being examples, also certain organic esters, particularlyethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate and certain organic ethers, notably ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether. The

-addition of water to some of the above organic compounds improves the desirable properties, particularly in lowering freezing points and decreasing viscosity and in raising flash points. At

the same time some economy may be effected by the admixture of water in proper proportion. For example, the addition of water to ethylene glycol in the ratio of two volumes of water to three volumes of ethylene glycol produces a mixture having a freezing point substantially lower than that of either component.

While I have shown the invention as embodied in a specific form, it is to be understood that various changes in details may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a double sash window, a frame comprising an outer wall, a peripheral wall arranged substantially at right angles to said outer wall, a partition projecting from said outer wall and substantially parallel to said peripheral wall. a

supporting shelf on said partition wall, a supporting shelf on said outer wall on the inside thereof, a sheet of material on said last-mentioned shelf arranged so that the outer surface thereof is substantially in the same plane as the outer surface of said outer wall, a strip of resilient material between the inner'surface of said sheet and a portion of said partition wall adapted to seal the space between said sheet and said partition wall, a second sheet of material on said first-mentioned shelf spaced from said first-mentioned sheet, and a strip of resilient material adapted to resiliently hold'said last-mentioned sheet and to seal the space between said sheet and said peripheral wall.

2. In a double sash window, a frame comprising an outer wall, a peripheral wall arranged subshows how the space 2,832,060 stantially at right angles to said outer wall. a

partition projecting from said outer wall and substantially parallel to said peripheral wall, a supporting shelf onsaid partition wall, a supporting shelf on said outer wall on the inside thereof, a sheet of material on said last-mentioned shelf arranged sothat the outer surface thereof is substantially in the same plane as the outer surface of said outer wall, a strip of resilient material between the inner surface of said sheet and a portion of said partition wail adapted to seal the space between said sheet and said partition wall, a second sheet of material on said first-mentioned shelf spaced from said first-mentioned sheet, a strip of resilient material adapted to resiliently hold said last-mentioned sheet and to seal the space between said sheet and said peripheral wall, a channel formed between said peripheral wall and said partition wall, and openings affording communication between said channel and the space between said sheets.

3. In a device of the character described. a frame having'an opening therein, said frame having an outerwall, a peripheral wall substantially at right angles to said outer wall; a partition extending from said outer wall substantially parsubstantially parallel to. said partition wall and on the opposite side thereof from said peripheral wail, an inner wall projecting from said partition wall substantially parallel to said outer wall in a direction away from said peripheral wall and with the edge thereof spaced from the edge of said last-mentioned shelf, two sheets of transj parent material arranged on said shelves, strips allei to said peripheral wall, a shelf on the edge of said partition wall, a shelf extending from said outer wall substantially parallel to said partition wall on the opposite side thereof from said peripheral wall, a partition inner wall projectin from said partition said outer wall and in the direction of said outer wall shelf and with the edge thereof spaced from the edge of said outer wall shelf, a peripheral inner wall projecting from said peripheral wall in a direction substantially parallel to said outer wall toward said partition shelf but with the edge thereof spaced fromthe edge of said shelf, sheets of transparent material adapted to be supported on said shelves but spaced therefrom by suitable resilient spacing means, strips of resilient -compressible material engaging said shelves, said inher walls and saidtransparent sheets to hold said sheets in place and to seal the space between said shelves and the cooperating inner walls to form a closed chamber which includes the space between said transparent sheets and the channel formed between the peripheral wall and the partition wall,

wall substantially parallel to 4. In a device of the character described, a

frame having an opening therein, said frame comprising a peripheral and outer wall substantially at right angles to each other, a partition wall extending from said outer wall substantially parallel to and on the same side of said outer wall as said peripheral wall and spaced therefrom, a

shelf arranged on said partition wall, an inner.

wall extending from said peripheral wall substantially parallel to said outer wall and in a direction towards said partition wall so that the free edge of said partition shelf and the free edge of said inner wall are spaced from each other, a shelf projecting from said outer wall of resilient material engaging said shelves and inner walls to seal the space between the edges of said shelves and the edges of said inner walls, and means on said resilient strips for engaging said transparent sheets to assist in holding them in place adjacent to said shelves, an opening away from said frame.

5. In a device of the character described, a frame having an opening therein, said frame. comprising a peripheral'and outer wall substantially at right angles to each other, a partition wall extending from said outer wall substantially parallel. to and on the same side of said outer wall as said peripheral wall and spaced therefrom, a shelf arranged on said partition wall, an inner wall extending from said peripheral wall substantially parallel to said outer wall and in a direction towards said partition wall so that the free edge of saidpartition shelf and the free edge of said inner wall other, a shelf projecting from said outer wall substantially parallel to said partition'wall and on the opposite side thereof from said peripheral wall, an-inner wall projecting from said partition wall substantially parallel to said outer wall in a direction away from said peripheral wall and with the edge thereof spaced from the edge of said last-mentioned shelf. two sheets of transparent material arranged on said shelves, spacer means between one of said sheets and said inner wall on said partition wall, strips of resilient material engaging said shelves and inner walls to seal the space between the edges of said shelves and theedges of said inner walls, and means on said resilient strips for engaging said transparent sheets to assist in holding them in place adjacent to said shelves,.an opening through said partition wall to permit communication between the spacebetweenthe transparent sheets and the closed channel formed between the partition wall frame.

THOMAS J. COLLERAN.

are spaced from each 

